Exploring the Ethical, Technical, and Societal Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Decision-Making Systems
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Decision-Making Systems, Algorithmic Bias, Ethical AI, Societal Impact, Transparency, AccountabilityAbstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly become an essential tool in modern decision-making systems, impacting various sectors such as healthcare, finance, governance, and social media. While AI-driven decision-making systems offer unprecedented efficiency and accuracy, they also raise significant ethical, technical, and societal concerns. Issues such as algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, accountability, and the displacement of human labor are becoming increasingly evident. This paper explores the ethical, technical, and societal dimensions of AI in decision-making, highlighting existing literature, identifying challenges, and proposing future research directions to create more balanced and fair AI systems. A structured analysis is conducted, supported by data visualization and real-world case studies, to offer a comprehensive understanding of AI's role in modern decision-making systems.
References
Barocas, S., & Selbst, A. D. (2016). Big Data’s Disparate Impact. California Law Review, 104(3), 671–732.
Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford University Press.
Kumar Valaboju, Vijay. (2024). The Intersection of AI and Emotional Intelligence. 10.5281/zenodo.14450919.
Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age. Norton & Company.
Doshi-Velez, F., & Kim, B. (2017). Towards a Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.08608.
Domingos, P. (2015). The Master Algorithm. Basic Books.
Floridi, L., & Cowls, J. (2019). A Unified Framework of Five Principles for AI in Society. Harvard Data Science Review, 1(1).
Lipton, Z. C. (2016). The Mythos of Model Interpretability. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.03490.
Nilsson, N. J. (1998). Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis. Morgan Kaufmann.
Obermeyer, Z., et al. (2019). Dissecting Racial Bias in an Algorithm Used to Manage the Health of Populations. Science, 366(6464), 447-453.
European Union. (2018). General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
Vinay, S. B. (2024). A comprehensive analysis of artificial intelligence applications in legal research and drafting. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Law (IJAIL), 2(1), 1–7.
Nivedhaa, N. (2024). Towards efficient data migration in cloud computing: A comparative analysis of methods and tools. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing (IJAICC), 2(1), 1–16.
Vasudevan, K. (2024). The influence of AI-produced content on improving accessibility in consumer electronics. Indian Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (INDJAIML), 2(1), 1–11.
Ramachandran, K. K. (2024). The role of artificial intelligence in enhancing financial data security. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIAP), 3(1), 1–11.
Nivedhaa, N. (2024). Software architecture evolution: Patterns, trends, and best practices. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (IJCSE), 1(2), 1–14.
Vinay, S. B. (2024). Identifying research trends using text mining techniques: A systematic review. International Journal of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (IJDMKD), 1(1), 1–11.
Ramachandran, K. K. (2024). Data science in the 21st century: Evolution, challenges, and future directions. International Journal of Business and Data Analytics (IJBDA), 1(1), 1–13.
Mukesh, V., Joel, D., Balaji, V. M., Tamilpriyan, R., & Yogesh Pandian, S. (2024). Data management and creation of routes for automated vehicles in smart city. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), 15(36), 2119–2150. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14993009
Hannah Jacob. (2023). Exploring Blockchain and Data Science for Next-Generation Data Security. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research , 4(2), 1-9.
Gupta, P.P. (2023). Applications of AI-driven data analytics for early diagnosis in complex medical conditions. International Journal of Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 1(2), 1–9.
Jain, D.S. (2023). Computational Methods for Real-Time Epidemic Tracking and Public Health Management. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology (IJCAT), 1(1), 1–6.
S. Krishnakumar. (2023). Scalability and Performance Optimization in Next-Generation Payment Gateways. International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Research and Development (IJCSERD), 6(1), 9-16.
Akshayapatra Lakshmi Harshini. (2021). A Comparative Study of UPI and Traditional Payment Methods: Efficiency, Accessibility, and User Adoption. International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Research and Development (IJCSERD), 1(1), 10-16.
Sally Abba. (2022). AI in Fintech: Personalized Payment Recommendations for Enhanced User Engagement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IJRCAIT), 5(1), 13-20.
Mukesh, V. (2022). Cloud Computing Cybersecurity Enhanced by Machine Learning Techniques. Frontiers in Computer Science and Information Technology (FCSIT), 3(1), 1-19.
S.Sankara Narayanan and M.Ramakrishnan, Software As A Service: MRI Cloud Automated Brain MRI Segmentation And Quantification Web Services, International Journal of Computer Engineering & Technology, 8(2), 2017, pp. 38–48.
Rahmatullah Ahmed Aamir. (2023). Enhancing Security in Payment Processing through AI-Based Anomaly Detection. International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (IJITEE), 12(6), 11-19.
Arano Prince. (2021). Developing Resilient Health Financing Models in Response to Emerging Global Health Threats. International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Research and Development (IJCSERD), 11(1), 29-38.
Sankar Narayanan .S, System Analyst, Anna University Coimbatore , 2010. INTELLECTUAL PROPERY RIGHTS: ECONOMY Vs SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY. International Journal of Intellectual Property Rights (IJIPR) .Volume:1,Issue:1,Pages:6-10.
Mukesh, V. (2024). A Comprehensive Review of Advanced Machine Learning Techniques for Enhancing Cybersecurity in Blockchain Networks. ISCSITR-International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 5(1), 1–6.
Geoffrey Ellenberg. (2021). A Framework for Implementing Effective Security Controls in Cloud Computing Environments. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research , 2(1), 9-18.
Sankar Narayanan .S System Analyst, Anna University Coimbatore , 2010. PATTERN BASED SOFTWARE PATENT.International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET) -Volume:1,Issue:1,Pages:8-17.
Mohammed Jassim, A Multi-Layered Approach to Addressing Security Vulnerabilities in Internet of Things Architectures, International Journal ofArtificial Intelligence and Applications (IJAIAP), 2020, 1(1), pp. 21-27.
Das, A.M. (2022). Using Genetic Algorithms to Optimize Cyber Security Protocols for Healthcare Data Management Systems. International Journal of Computer Science and Applications, 1(1), 1–5.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Anto Sweety K.B (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.